Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Cause, Prevention and Treatment
Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. These mosquitoes are typically found in urban and semi-urban areas and are most active during the day. Once a person is infected with the virus, they may experience symptoms within 4-7 days. In this article, we will discuss the cause, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of dengue fever.
Dengue Statistics – Global and India
- Population at Risk: Up to 4 billion (WHO)
- Annual Infections: Up to 400 million (CDC)
- Symptomatic Cases: Around 100 million (WHO)
- Deaths from Severe Dengue: Approximately 40,000 (CDC)
Table of Content
What is Dengue?
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection found in tropical and subtropical climates around the world. It’s also known as breakbone fever because of the severe pain it can cause. Dengue is spread by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, most commonly the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
Causes of Dengue Fever
Dengue fever is caused by a virus spread by a particular kind of mosquito.
Here’s the breakdown of the cause:
- Dengue Virus: There are four serotypes of the dengue virus: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. Infection with any one of these viruses can cause dengue fever. Having dengue fever once does not provide immunity to all serotypes, and subsequent infection with a different serotype can increase the risk of severe dengue.
- Aedes Mosquitoes: The Aedes mosquito, particularly Aedes aegypti, is the primary carrier of the dengue virus. These mosquitoes are found in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. They breed in stagnant water and are most active during the day, particularly in the morning and afternoon hours.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
- High fever
- Severe frontal headache
- Pain behind the eyes which worsens with eye movement
- Muscle and joint pains
- Loss of sense of taste and appetite
- Measles-like rash over chest and upper limbs
- Nausea and vomiting
- Frequent vomiting with or without blood
- Bleeding from nose, mouth & gums and skin rashes
- Sleepiness and restlessness
- Thirstiness and dry mouth
- Rapid weak pulse
- Difficulty in breathing
- Severe stomach pain and tenderness
- Vomiting often (at least 3 times in 24 hours)
- Bleeding from the nose or gums
- Vomiting blood or passing blood in stools or urine
- Bleeding under the skin, resembling bruises
- Fatigue
- Swollen glands
- Rash
- Headache
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Cough
- Sore throat
- Nasal stuffiness
Prevention From Dengue Fever
- Use mosquito repellent to prevent mosquito bites.
- Wear long sleeves, pants, and socks to cover exposed skin.
- Use mosquito nets and window screens to prevent mosquito entry.
- Eliminate standing water around homes and workplaces to reduce mosquito breeding sites.
- Stay indoors during peak mosquito biting times, especially during early morning and late afternoon.
- Get vaccinated against dengue if vaccines are available in your area.
- Consult a healthcare professional if you suspect a dengue infection.
- Stay hydrated and rest to help the body recover from dengue.
- Avoid taking aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
- Follow public health guidelines and recommendations for dengue prevention.
- Practice good personal hygiene to prevent the spread of dengue.
Treatment of Dengue Fever
- Rest: Getting plenty of rest allows your body to focus on fighting the infection.
- Hydration: Dengue fever can lead to dehydration. Drink plenty of fluids, including water or drinks with electrolytes, to stay hydrated.
- Pain relievers: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) can help manage fever and pain.
- Avoid certain medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and aspirin should be avoided as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
- Monitor for severe symptoms: Be aware of warning signs of severe dengue and seek immediate medical attention if you experience them. These warning signs include:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent vomiting
- Bleeding gums or nosebleeds
- Black stools
- Lethargy or restlessness
- Rapid breathing
Note:
- No specific antiviral agents exist for dengue; supportive care is advised.
- Patients should be advised to stay well hydrated and to avoid aspirin, aspirin-containing drugs, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs due to their anticoagulant properties.
Conclusion
Dengue fever is a serious illness that requires prompt recognition and management to prevent complications. By understanding the cause, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of dengue fever, individuals can take steps to protect themselves and their communities from this potentially deadly disease. Stay safe and stay informed!
